Technology and Colonialism

According to Headrick, colonialism was a random product of the innovations that came during the Industrial Revolution. These innovations made it easier and economically sounder for nations to conquer. Countries weren't necessarily motivated to expand, but the new technology from the Industrial Revolution caused the nations to expand. 

Innovations like the compound engine popularized steam ships and were used for overseas trade. Before only sailing ships were used. 

The breechloader and machine gun made colonialism easier because it was safer because countries could kill the inhabitants if need be. 

Technology did play a role in colonialism, but it was not the only factor, and probably not the largest factor from country to country.