The Waldseemüller Map

Despite the exaggeration and missing features on the Waldseemüller Map, it demonstrates a surprising amount of awareness of the globe for such an early period. That many geographical shapes are blown out of proportion is not surprising as the information they gleaned was mostly from maritime expeditions and no aerial view of the Earth was available. The continents of Europe and Asia were mapped out with a high accuracy, perhaps indicating what we already know, that these two continents were the center of the modern world then. China and Russia seem to run into each other, that part of Eurasia being much too thin to hold the size that we now know them to be. This might show that current-day Russia was not as well mapped or explored then, which is not surprising as weather conditions there tend to be extreme. I say Russia because we know that China was at that point already well-developed and organized by the Ming Dynasty which exchanged a great deal of information with the outside world. North and South America are also quite undersized, most likely because they had only just been discovered at that point. Considering the time and the knowledge that people had by then gained, this is a shockingly well laid out map of the world.
If we were to change the viewpoint and bias of this map to the side of the Ming Dynasty, the land masses exaggerated might be different. The most important, and therefore largest, features would be China itself as well as all land (or sea) stretching from Southeast Asia to East Africa. These areas were those best known by the Chinese fleet headed by Zheng He. They might have a hypothetical knowledge of the rest of the world from exchanges with traders or residents of the ports at which they called. An Ottoman map would focus on Europe and Northern Africa as these places were the center of their power and the most explored areas. Again, they may have gather more information on the format of the globe from merchants and what was common knowledge of that time.